Abstract

Understanding the dynamic behaviors and electromechanical conversion char-acteristics of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is essential for their precisedesign and optimization, yet these processes remain insufficiently elucidated.This study systematically investigates a bouncing ball TENG to clarify the cou-pled mechanical-electrical mechanisms through dynamic simulations and ex-perimental validation. The dynamic behaviors of the bouncing ball under vary-ing vibration conditions are analyzed, revealing four typical motion states di-rectly associated with energy generation. Key parameters affecting these behav-iors are identified, providing practical guidance for structural design and per-formance enhancement. Furthermore, a dual-simulation coupling method inte-grating dynamic modeling and finite element analysis is proposed, enabling ac-curate prediction ofelectric potentials and output waveforms without extensiveexperimental repetition. The results establish a unified framework for under-standing and predicting TENG performance, contributing to the standardiza-tion and practical deployment of triboelectric energy harvesting technologies.